(论文翻译 页数:10 字数:6242)来看一下涡流式全自动洗衣机的构造。这种洗衣机有各种各样的型号，其基本构造如图4.4所示。
洗衣机之所以能兼具洗条和脱水的功能，是因为它有一个双层水槽。在积满水进行“洗条”和“漂洗”时，振动机旋转，产生水流。脱水时，只有内槽快速旋转，将衣服中的水甩出。
最近渐渐流行的“离心式洗衣机”不是振动机旋转，而是内槽旋转。当内槽旋转时，该作用力使衣服贴近内层。由于水和洗条剂会从内槽的空洞向外甩出，因此能快速从衣服中穿透，用这种冲击力去除污后。这种机器的另一个好处是由于在水中衣物不会缠绕，因此不必担心衣物扭曲,变形或坏掉。
下面看一看不同类型的洗衣机！
也许很多人认为洗衣机中的水是在以同样方式旋转。事实上洗衣机的水流方式也有多种类型。
涡流式
这种类型洗衣机利用振动机的旋转产生涡流，从而祛除污后。有的新型洗衣机能使涡流上下反复旋转，从而使污后更容易祛除！
搅拌式
这种洗衣机在底部有一个看起来像螺旋桨的带有叶片的轴，它会反复地反方向转动，将水搅动起来，然后水的作用力将衣物中的污后祛除。它具有使衣服不易缠绕，并能均匀清洗的优点。
滚筒式
在开有许多小孔的圆筒中，有突出的板子。外围的滚筒旋转时，板子将衣物抬起，下落是时的冲力将污后祛除。
离心力式
就像我们前边所说的那样，旋转的内槽将水和洗条剂从内槽壁推出。从内槽向外甩出的力叫做“离心力”，这也是“离心力”这个名字的来源。这种洗衣机由于是内槽旋转，因此水会从内槽猛地向外部喷射，然后又会回到内槽中，不断地循环往复。正是这种循环清洁了衣物！
1930年，在日本，人们第一次开始使用洗衣机。不过，当时的售价还很高，并没有普及到一般家庭。
在以前的洗衣机中，安装了现在看起来有些可笑的部件。机器有两根滚轴，夹住洗条衣物，把水挤出来。由于采用的是手动旋转把手后滚轴转动的构造，所以需要相当大的力气，不过在当时它还是非常便利，此后，这种滚轴式脱水机大约被使用了长达30年之久，一直到离心式脱水机出现为止。
1953年,涡流式洗衣机的原形分流式洗衣机在日本上市销售。这种洗衣机就像现在所见的涡流式洗衣机的哥哥。由于这些洗衣机的价格低廉，使用洗衣机的家庭渐渐多起来。1968年，全自动式洗衣机登场，此后洗衣机变得愈加方便了。
洗衣机有许多种类。你们家里用的洗衣机属于哪一种类型呢？
全自动式
全自动式洗衣机通过双层的水槽接连进行洗条，漂洗，脱水。你需要做的就是将洗条剂和衣物放入洗衣机，之后洗衣机会自动进行清洗。还有一种可以烘干衣物的新型的全自动洗衣机。
双缸式
这种洗衣机进行洗条的部分与脱水的部分分离。虽然脱水时需要将衣物取出更换地方，但却具有洗条与脱水能同时进行的好处。

washing machines

Let’s look inside one of today’s fully automatic washing machines that use swirling water to clean the clothes. There are many types of washing machines but this Fig.4.4 shows you what most of them are basically made up of.
The reason why a washing machine like this can wash and get the water out of the clothes at the same time is because it has a double layer drum. When washing and rinsing, the pulsator spins and makes the water swirl.. To get the water out of the clothes, the inner wall f the drum spins and the water goes through the holes.
These days, the “centrifugal force washing machines” are quite popular. This type of machine does not use a pulsator. Instead, the inner wall spins really quickly. When the drum spins, the dirty clothes get stuck to the wall. The water and detergent also try to escape through the holes of the wall but before they do so, they are forced to escape through the clothes. When this happens, the power of the water and detergent removes the dirt form the clothes. Another good thing about this type of machine is that clothes don’t get tangled up so you don’t have to worry about your clothes getting ripped or damaged.
Next, let’s look at some different types of washing machines!
Many of you probably think that the water inside washing machines goes round and round. Actually, different washing machines make water flow in different ways.
Whirlpool type
This type of washing machine uses a pulsator to force the water to move like a whirlpool inside the Drum. The spinning water forces the dirt out form the clothes inside the machine. Some of the newer models of this type also make the whirlpool move up and down to make it clean clothes even better!
Agitator stirring type
This type of washing machine has something that looks like a propeller at the bottom of the tub. This Propeller spins around and stirs the water. The water then forces the dirt out from the clothes in the machine. The good thing about this type of machine is that clothes do not get tangled up and clothes get evenly washed.