资料包括: 论文( 13页7981字)  

摘 要

预借、倒签提单是航运贸易中常见的一种海事欺诈行为，近几年，我国国际经贸实践中，预借、倒签提案件频频发生，严重扰乱了正常的海运经济秩序。按照法律规定，货物装上船以后，承运人才能签发“己装船提单”，这是国际公约、国际惯例和法律要求承运人必须履行的法定义务，但承运人却不遵守，将提单做成预借提单或者倒签提单。
因此如何防范预借、倒签提单已成为摆在我们面前的一项重大课题。本文一共分四个部分。第一部分预借提单和倒签提单概述，提出两者概念，然后分析两者异同点。第二部分是分析预借提单和倒签提单的法律性质。第三部分分析预借提单和倒签提单产生的原因及其带来的危害。最后第四部分总结并提出预借提单和倒签提单的防范措施。

【关键词】预借提单 倒签提单 提单欺诈


Abstract

Advanced B/L and anti-dated B/L are one typical kind of maritime frauds that often occur in marine business. In recent years, such cases have taken place so often that they severely disturbed normal ocean-transportation economic order in the business practice. According to our law, only when the goods have been loaded on board，shall the carrier issue an "on board” bill of lading---which is the carrier&
#039;s legal duty required by the international conventions, international usual practices and laws. But sometimes the carrier don’t obey the law and issues an advanced B/L or anti-dated B/L against the law.
So how to prevent advanced B/L and anti-dated B/L has become a big issue we should face. This thesis can be divided into four parts. The first part is the introduction of basic theory of advanced B/L and anti-dated B/L. The author presents the definitions and analyzes the differences between them. In the second part, the author analyzes the legal nature of the advanced B/L and anti-dated B/L. The third part states the existing reasons and harms causing in reality. At last the author puts forward precaution strategies on the advanced B/L and anti-dated B/L.

【Key Words】Advanced B/L ; Antedated B/L; Fraud of B/L

目 录

1．预借提单和倒签提单概述 2
1．1预借提单和倒签提单的概念 2
1．2预借提单和倒签提单异同点 2
2．预借提单和倒签提单的责任主体和法律性质 3
2．1预借提单和倒签提单的责任主体 3
2．2预借提单和倒签提单的法律性质 5
3．预借提单和倒签提单产生的原因及其危害 5
3．1预借提单和倒签提单产生的原因 5
3．2预借提单和倒签提单造成的危害 6
3．3预借提单和倒签提单案例分析 8
4．预借提单和倒签提单的风险防范 9
4．1对于进口方来说 9
4．2对于出口方来说 10
参考文献 12
致 谢 13

浅析预借、倒签提单行为及其风险防范

1．预借提单和倒签提单概述
1．1预借提单和倒签提单的概念
预借提单（Advanced B/L）指货物尚未装船，而信用证的有效期已到，承运人应托运人要求提前签发己装船提单，使托运人做到“及时交单”，且“单证相符”。 倒签提单（Antedated B/L）指货物实际装船完毕的日期迟于合同或者信用证规定的最迟装运日，为使提单日期符合合同或信用证规定，托运人要求承运人在提单上倒填装船日期的提单。
海运提单是承运人收到货物后出具的货物收据，也是承运人所签署的运输契约，还代表所载货物的所有权，是一种物权凭证。卖方向银行提交的提单必须是货物已在规定的期限内装船完毕的已装船提单。在预借提单和倒签提单中，托运人与承运人串通，对善意收货人进行欺诈。这种提单欺诈是法律所不允许的。