传统的贸易理论认为自由贸易，即不干预政策是最佳政策选择，但这是有一定的限制条件的。当这些条件不存在时，对贸易实施政策干预可能是最佳的选择。幼稚产业保护论、最优关税论、经济机制扭曲下的政策干预论及发展中国家进口替代与出口导向政策都是基于传统贸易理论基础上的贸易政策主张。当然，它们都有各自特定的适用范围。值得注意的是，上述政策主张都暗含传统贸易理论的两个基本假定：市场是完全竞争的及规模经济不变。

1 两种不同性质的政府干预措施
2 战略性贸易政策的目的：争夺垄断租金
3 对战略性贸易政策的批评
4 小结

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