（毕业论文 页数：8 字数：7303）
摘 要： “之”字是古代汉语中最为活跃、最为常用的一个词。在文言文中它既可以做实词，也可以做虚词。在不同的语境中，“之”字的用法也不尽相同。在词类上，它可以是实词，做动词、代词、连词等；也可以是虚词，做助词、语气词等。在语法上，它可以做主语、谓语、宾语、定语等；也可以不做句子成分，只起舒缓、强调语气或凑足音节的作用。《孟子》是我国古代儒家典籍中具有代表性的哲理散文集，对后代具有广泛而深远的影响。《孟子》一书充分调动各种表达手段，同时巧妙使用各种词语表情达意，从而使整部著作具有说理透彻，推理严谨，比喻精妙，雄于辩论等特点。它语言艺术的最大特色之一便是“之”字的大量使用。据统计，全书共出现“之”字一千九百多次。所以，从一定意义上讲，要准确地读懂《孟子》原著，充分地理解《孟子》的思想内容、艺术特色，有必要弄清“之”字的词汇意义和语法功能。所以，力求从词类、词义、语法和语用的角度来探讨《孟子》中的“之”字研究。
关键词： 《孟子》；之；用法；词类
Abstract:Zhi is one of the most commenly-used and most popular character in ancient Chinese language. It can be used as notional word as well as functional word in classical Chinese articles. What’s more, its usage varies according to different contexts. In terms of category of words, it can function as notional word, such as verb, pronoun, conjunction, as well as functional word, such as auxilary word, emotional word, etc. While it can also be used as subject, predicate, and object in terms of grammar aiming at adjusting heaving syllables and changing sentence structures so as to make sentence structures orderly, easy to understand, and express strong feelings by read with regular pauses. Mengzi, as one of the most typical collections of philosophical essays, is exerting profound influnce over descendants. By cleverly using all kinds of words through various expressive means, the whole masterpiece is featured by incisive analysis, compact reasoning, fine analogy and persuasive argument. The frequently using of Zhi is the most characteristic feature of its language. According to statistics, Zhi appears as much as 1,900 times. Therefore, to some extent if one wants to fully understand the ideological contents and artistic features, it is necessary to have a clear analysis on the usages and functions of Zhi. The present thesis will give the analysis on the usages of Zhi in terms of speech.
Keywords:Mengzi; Zhi; usage; category of words
目录
一、动词用法
二、代词用法
（一）人称代词
（二）指示代词
三、助词用法
（一）结构助词
（二）语气助词
四、连词用法
“之”字的本义是“到……去”的意思，是动词，在句子中作谓语；但是在古代汉语中，它的意义、用法并不如此简单，它还可以假借为代词、助词、连词等。自我国第一部语法专著《马氏文通》面世以来，就有不少学界前辈对“之”字的用法作了较为深入、全面的解析。《孟子》作为我国儒家一部经典，足足影响了中华文明两千多年。本文试对《孟子》一书全部含“之”字的句子进行穷尽性的统计，从“之”字的词类、意义及其语法功能进行如下分析。
一、动词用法
在甲骨文中，“之”字的形状像一只脚从某一地面向前迈出，是个会意字，表示从此地走出，往前行进。罗振玉在《增订殷墟书契考释》中指出：“之按：卜辞从止，从一，人所之也。”《尔雅•释诂》：“之，往也。”由此可以看出，“之”字的本义是“往”即“到……去”，是动词。 |
