（毕业论文 字数：11149 页数：26 开题报告 任务书 成绩评定表）摘要：采用浓缩池污泥为种泥，在厌氧混合连续流反应装置内进行厌氧除磷产生气态磷化氢功能菌的富集。利用传统和现代微生物的分离、鉴定相结合手段，从细菌形态、生理生化指标、16S rDNA三方面确定了功能菌株的分类地位并使用厌氧反应瓶对其进行了活性研究。结果表明，NL菌确定为一株异养型厌氧除磷菌，与Pseudomonas aeruginosa铜绿假单胞菌的同源性高达98.2%。该菌的良好碳源和氮源是葡萄糖、乙酸钠和蛋白胨、氯化铵、亚硝酸钠复合成份，纤维素不适合作为该菌的碳源。反应最佳初始pH值为6.5～7的范围，最适宜的温度为30～35℃,当温度为4℃时或者高于35℃时微生物活性下降。培养液中添加有机磷及钙离子对磷的去除有显著的作用，投加还原剂硫化物对厌氧生物除磷没有显著的作用。

关键词：厌氧除磷 厌氧除磷菌 磷酸盐还原 磷化氢

Identification of a Bacterium NL which cultured in the Anaerobic Dephosphorization Reactor and its Activity under Anaerobic Condition

Abstract: Using the silt from concentrate pool as an inoculum, phosphate reducer organisms which deoxidize phosphate into PH3 were cultured in a continuous stirred reactor. The functional bacterium was identified through traditional and modern isolation and identification methods. The taxonomic position was ascertained based on the investigation of configuration, physiological and biochemical properties, and 16S rDNA analysis. The activity in substrate degradation of the bacterium was investigated using the anaerobic reactor under anaerobic condition, which showed that NL is a heterotrophic dephosphorization bacteria under anaerobic condition. The 16S rDNA analysis indicated the strain had a 98.2% of homology with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Its best carbon source is glucose and sodium acetate, and the best nitrogen source is ammonium chloride、nitrate and peptone. However, cellulose is unfit for carbon. The best initial pH value is 6.5～7.0, the optimum temperature is 30～35 ℃. The activity of microorganism decreased when the temperature was at 4 ℃ or above 35 ℃. The addition of organic phosphorus and calcium had distinct influence on the phosphorus removal, but the addition of reducer-sulfide had not apparent effect on the phosphorus removal.

Key words: anaerobic dephosphorization; anaerobic dephosphorization bacteria; phosphate deoxidization; phosphine

目录

1 前言
2 材料与方法
3 结果与讨论
4 结论


1 前言
磷污染所致的水体富营养化日趋严重,湖泊“水华”及近海“赤潮”时有发生且愈演愈烈。固此，控制水体中磷的浓度，对防治环境污染意义更重大。生物除磷与化学法除磷相对比较经济的方法，其中除磷脱氮是当前研究的热点[1-3]。磷酸盐还原反应在自然界的厌氧环境中普遍存在，由于磷还原反应中无需充氧耗能且产生气态磷化氢从水中逸出的特点，具有剩余污泥少、占地面积小，操作简便的优点，同时还解决了聚磷菌除磷中厌氧释磷和好氧摄磷的矛盾问题，因此，探索并开发经济有效的厌氧生物除磷新工艺具有重要的现实意义。
磷化氢与细菌种群有着十分密切的关系，目前确认的磷化氢产生菌有大肠杆菌、丁酸梭菌(Clostridium butyricum)[4]生孢梭菌（Clostridiumsporogenes）、及丙酮丁醇梭（Clostridiumacetobutyricum)、鸡沙门氏菌 (Salmonellagallinarum)、亚利桑那沙门氏菌(Salmo nellaarizonae)，溶剂发酵菌，混合酸发酵菌： Salmonellagallinarum, Salmonella arizonae， Escherichia coli。而仅有Jenkins等人研究报道一些混合培养的厌氧微生物(混合酸发酵菌和丁酸发酵菌)和纯种微生物[5]（如大肠杆菌，鸡沙门菌,亚利桑那沙门菌等）能在厌氧培养条件下产生磷化氢，这种现状使得人们对厌氧除磷产生磷化氢，尤其是产生气态磷化氢微生物特性的了解受到很大地限制，同时也严重影响了厌氧除磷机理和工艺研究，继而进一步影响其工程方面的应用。