(论文 页数:61 字数:26843 )摘要:在新的世纪里,能源越来越受到各方面的重视,而对于能源的充分、合理、经济的使用尤为突出;在上个世纪的八十年代初,西方国家出现了能源危机,为了节约能源,西方各国纷纷研制高效节能电机,以改善电机性能,提高电机效率。其中三相电机是主流,而对于单相电机也愈加受到关注,主要是因为单相电机的使用很广泛,在生活生产的应用中是很大的一方面。在当今中国,单相电机的应用特别是在农村中非常之普遍,而中国农村的比重很大,因而对于单相电机的研究很有现实价值。单相电容电机因具有结构简单,成本低廉,运行可靠,维修方便等一系列优点,已广泛应用于家用电器和各行各业的小功率驱动中。由于电容器变值或选择容量不当,会使电动机工作时温度升高、噪声增大、耗电量增加及转速降低等。另外,合适的电容值也可使起动转矩达到最大。因此,正确选取电容式单相机的电容量尤为重要。 关键词:单相电机,电容, 性能,工作原理,效率
Abstract In the new century, the energy is received more and more recognition from all walks of life, and it is especially outstanding that the full, reasonable and economical use of energy. During the beginning of 80’s in last century, the western nations appeared the energy crisis, for the sake of saving of energy, all western countries begun to put up research on the motor of high-efficiency and economy, in order to improve the motor function and raise the motor efficiency. Among the tide, one-phase motor also received more and more attention. This mainly is for the extensive usage of the one-phase motor. In our everyday life, its appliance is sweeping. In modern China, the application of one-phase motor is extensive especially in the village. For the big proportion of Chinese village population, it is worthy to do research on one-phase motor. For a series of advantage such as the simple structure, low cost, reliable running convenience maintaining and so on, the capacitor in one-phase motor has already widely applied in home appliances and small power drive. The inappropriate selection of capacitor will make the motor’s temperature going higher, the noise becoming larger, the electric consume getting more and lowing revolution. Moreover, the suitable capacitor also could make the start torque attaining the biggest. Therefore, it is especially important to select the capacitor in proper way. From the above-mentioned we could know that the use of capacitor in one-phase motor is very important. Key Words: one-phase motor; capacitor; capability; the work principle; efficiency;
目录 1 绪论………………………………………………………………………1 1.1 引言…………………………………………………………………1 1.2 本课题的提出………………………………………………………2 1.3 选题的目的意义……………………………………………………2 1.4 本设计所做的工作…………………………………………………3 2 单相异步电动机及电容知识……………………………………………4 2.1单相异步电动机…………………………………………………… 4 2.2 关于电容的基础知识 …………………………………………… 7 2.3 电容在单相电机中作用……………………………………………12 3 单相电机中的电容具体计算 ………………………………………… 14 3.1 基本方法……………………………………………………………14 3.2 基于等效电流法的具体计算………………………………………17 3.3 应用对称分量的方法………………………………………………21 4 单相电机中的电容故障检修分析………………………………………36 4.1 单相电机的安全使用………………………………………………36 4.2 电容器损坏及其检查方法…………………………………………37 4.3 电容电动机中电容器故障的排除……………………………… 39 4.4 更换新的同型号同容量电容器………………………………… 43 4.5 电容漏电测试器………………………………………………… 46 4.6 电容器使用认识的几个误区………………………………………47 5 电容器的调速……………………………………………………………52 5.1 电容器调速…………………………………………………………52 5.2 具体分析电扇的调速电容器的选择计算…………………………51 结束语………………………………………………………………………54 致谢…………………………………………………………………………55 参考文献……………………………………………………………………56 附录…………………………………………………………………………57
1 绪论 1.1 引言 能源是国民经济发展的基础资源,世界各国都将人口、资源、环境列为当今全球发展战略的三大主题。如何节约能源、有效地利用能源成为当今世界普遍关注的首要问题。当今世界上把电能转换成机械能基本上都是通过电动机来实现的,根据国外资料介绍,美、日、法、俄四个国家的电动机所耗电能,占全部工业消耗电能的比重均超过60%, 根据有关部门调查,我国几个主要电网中,电动机所耗电能的比重,占整个工业用电的60%-68%,与工业发达国家的比重大致相仿。因此世界各国竞相研制并推广各种先进技术与设备以促进电动机经济运行。通过对电动机进行研究而尽可能的提出可行的关于节能技术的改造,不仅能够达到大幅度节约能源的目的,而且有时还可以促进产品的更新换代.
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