（论文 字数：18592 页数：46）摘要：21世纪光电子技术、电子技术和计算机的发展，带来了许多学科的革命。在现代工业生产和物流过程中，提供准确的原材料或成品的数量是比较关键的问题，尤其是对大批量的小件产品的计数。由于在许多生产场所，物品是通过传送带传送的，本文介绍了一种利用单片机对产品数目自动计数的方法，论述了计数系统的硬件构成与软件设计。本文参阅国内外的一些先进检测技术，基于现代光电检测技术、微电子技术和计算机技术，用发光二极管、光敏三极管与单片机设计一个车间工件计数系统。当有工件通过时光被遮挡住，光敏三极管截止使单片机计数器产生下降沿，单片机对此信号进行计数即为工件数，解决了小工件计数的难点。该系统计数准确、检测速度快，实用性强。
目前,PC 机已广泛应用于各领域,PC 机与单片机按一定的方式结合,构成分布式微机系统则是智能化实时控制的技术核心 ,它在机器人、生产流水线、大型自动化装置中有着越来越多的应用。本系统由PC机作为上层主机 ,进行协调、调度、发布操作命令 ,从而控制分布于不同控制点的下层从机。主机向从机发指令或数据 ,从机除实时控制不同地点的对象外 ,也可向主机发回数据。串行通信因连线少、成本低、又有调制/解调功能而特别适合距离较远、通信点多的场合。本文中厂长办公室的PC机通过串行接口与单片机相连，每天定时与各单片机通信一次以便了解各车间生产的产品数量。该部分设计使用高级语Borland C++ Builder 提供的ComPort控件实现实时高可靠性、高效率的串行通信。

关键词：串行通信,单片机,计数

Abstract ：With the development of photoelectron technology, electronic technology and the computer in the 21st century, many subjects have developed into a new stage. In modern industry produce and the logistics process, quantity that provides the accurate and original material or finished products is the key, particularly to product large quantity measure of scaling. While in many places, the product is to pass to deliver on the transmission band . This design made use of a single-chip computer to introduce a kind of the product number auto-count of method, and discussed the hardware composing and software designs of the scaling system. This text draws some lessons of detect at home and abroad, combining with modern photoelectron technology, micro-electronics technique and the computer, design a scaling of a work of car system with photodiode, the phototransisitor and a single-chip computer. When a work piece passes through the light area the light will be blocked by the work piece and the photoelectric tube will emit a pulse signal, the counting for the passing work piece just is the work piece number, thus solving the difficulty in counting for small work piece. The instrument has the advantages of precision counting, fast detection speed and strong practicability.
Currently, the PC is been already extensive to apply in each realm. PC and a single-chip computer press certain mode to combine, then constitute the rayleing distribution rayleigh on the decline machine system. The intelligence turns the technique nucleus of the real time control. It has more and more applications in robot, produce pipeline, large automation equip. The system make the PC as the upper level host, carrying on the coordination, scheduling and releasing the crayleigh in the bottom layer of different control point from the machine. Host to deliver the command or data from the machine, from the machine in addition to the object of the real time control different location, also can send back the data toward host. The special in keeping with distance of the string row communication is farther because the on-line is little, the cost is low, and it has the modulation/ demodulation function again, the multi-dot communication situation. The PC of manager's office connects with each other through the serial communication interface and a single-chip computer in the thesis, correspond by letter with a machine once while settling everyday in order to understand a product quantity for produce of each car.

Key words: Serial communication Single-chip Computer ComPort

目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
引言 V
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 课题的意义 1
1.2 课题的主要工作 1
1.2.1 计数部分软硬件设计 1
1.2.2 串行通信部分软硬件设计 2
第二章 系统总体设计及相关理论 3
2.1 基础理论简介 3
2.1.1 单片机计数系统理论基础 3
2.1.2 利用光电检测原理计数 7
2.1.3 单片机与PC机串行通信原理 8
2.2 系统总体方案及工作过程 14
2.2.1 硬件电路的整体方案以及硬件框图 14
2.2.2 系统工作过程 15
第三章 下位机软硬件设计 16
3.1 下位机硬件设计 16
3.1.1 计数部分硬件示意图及框图 16
3.1.2 PC 机与多个单片机通信的硬件设计 18
3.2 下位机软件设计 21
3.2.1 下位机主程序设计及流程 21
3.2.2 中断服务程序设计及流程 23
第四章 上位机软件设计 26
4.1 PC机与单片机之间串行通信的多种实现方法简介 26
4.1.1 串行通信实现方法的选择 26
4.1.2 软件开发环境的选择 26
4.2 用ComPort实现PC机与单片机的串行通信 27
4.2.1 C++ Builder以及ComPort简介 27
4.2.2 软件设计界面及功能的实现 29
4.3 串行通信软件流程图 33
结论 35
参考文献 36
致谢 38
附录 39
附录1：部分程序清单 39
附录2：电路原理图 41

引言
在车间的工件计数是严格控制的。合理的控制和统计生产情况，是非常重要的，可以提高产品质量，节省人力，增加经济效益。目前，国内主要用红外开关计数作为工件的计数和检测开关。然而，进口红外开关价格高，不易维修。本设计研究一种利用发光二极管、光敏三极管与单片机设计一个车间工件计数系统。该系统体积小，可靠性高，控制灵敏，准确。