(71页26863字+图+程序+外文翻译+任务书+开题报告)摘要:超声测距有不受光线影响、结构简单、成本低、信息处理简单可靠等优点,对于被测物处于黑暗、有毒、烟雾等恶劣环境中有一定的适应能力,因此可以广泛应用。本文详细介绍了一种基于单片机的脉冲反射式超声测距系统。文中首先阐述了超声传感器的原理及特性;对于测距系统的超声波频率、信号脉冲、器件型号等主要参数进行了讨论;在介绍了超声测距各模块功能的基础上,提出了系统的总体构成并对测距系统发射、接收、检测、显示部分的硬件设计方案进行了论证。根据系统要求采用模块化的编程思路完成系统的算法设计,实现超声发射和距离显示功能。最后通过软硬件的综合调试实现短距离超声测距系统的基本功能。
Abstract:The ultrasonic distance measuring technology is free of light effect, and has advantages of simple structure, low costs, simple reliable information processing etc; it also has certain adaptive capacity for measured things which are in abominable environment, such as dark, poisonous, smoggy. Hence, this technology is widely applied. This paper has presented a microcontroller-based single-pulse reflection ultrasonic distance measuring system. The ultrasonic sensor’s basic principle and characteristics are expounded in the paper, regarding the range measuring system ultrasonic wave frequency, the signal pulse, the component models and so on the main parameter has carried on the discussion; and in the foundation of introducing ultrasonic distance measuring system functions, the total system constitution was proposed and hardware design proposal of the system launching, receiving, examination and displaying modules are demonstrated. According to the system requests, the system the algorithm is designed by modular the programming mentality, the ultrasonic launching and the distance-amplitude displaying function is completed. Finally through software and hardware synthesis debugging, the basic measuring function of the system in short range is realized. Key words : Ultrasonic distance measuring, Sensors, Microcontroller
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超声测距仪的研制
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