酵母铬与皮革蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

酵母铬与皮革蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响 (36页 16530字)

摘要

本试验选择40头体重、胎次、龄基本一致的健康仔猪（28龄断奶）作为试验对象，采用完全随机设计，进行了粮添加铬（以酵母铬和皮革蛋白粉形式）对断奶仔猪生长性能、以及抗应激和免疫力的研究。结果表明：①粮添加0.02%酵母铬可显著提高断奶仔猪增重（+20.08%、P<0.01）；添加皮革蛋白粉各组都显著地提高了仔猪的增重（0.5%组提高19.51%、P<0.01;1%组提高18.56%、P<0.05；1.5%组提高14.92%、P<0.05）②粮添加0.02%酵母铬显著增加了断奶仔猪平均采食量（ADFI）（P<0.05），而添加皮革蛋白粉的各组则无显著影响（P>0.05）③添加0.5%皮革蛋白粉饲料利用率显著提高（P<0.05），其余各组都有升高趋势，但差异不显著（P>0.05）。④添加0.02%酵母铬和0.5%皮革蛋白粉均能显著降低血液中葡萄糖的浓度，分别降低了14.28%（P<0.05）和 14.21%（P<0.05）。而添加1%和1.5%的皮革蛋白粉则无显著影响。⑤添加0.02%酵母铬能显著降低血液尿素氮的浓度，降低了30.05%（P<0.05）。添加皮革蛋白粉对血液尿素氮无显著影响（P>0.05）。添加酵母铬和皮革蛋白粉不影响血清蛋白（总蛋白，白蛋白）。⑥添加0.02%的酵母铬和0.5%皮革蛋白粉都能显著降低断奶仔猪血液中胆固醇水平，分别降低了18.37%（P<0.05）和17.27%（P<0.05）。添加1%和1.5%皮革蛋白粉则无此影响。⑦粮添加0.02%的酵母铬和不同浓度的皮革蛋白粉对血液中胰岛素浓度无显著影响（P>0.05）。⑧粮添加0.02%酵母铬和1.5%、1%、0.5%皮革蛋白粉对血清免疫球蛋白影响不显著（P>0.05）。⑨正常情况下断奶仔猪粮中添加0.02%酵母铬和不同浓度的皮革蛋白粉对血液中皮质醇浓度影响不显著（P>0.05）。但当注射ACTH（促肾上腺皮质素）后，添加皮革蛋白粉的各组以及对照组仔猪血液中皮质醇浓度均上升，但添加0.5%皮革蛋白粉的仔猪与对照组相比差异显著（P<0.05）。只有添加0.02%酵母铬的仔猪血液中皮质醇含量保持在正常范围内，与对照组相比差异极显著（P<0.01）。

以上结果表明:0.02%的酵母铬和0.5%的皮革蛋白粉对所观测断奶仔猪的多项指标的作用效果相似；在提高免疫性能和抗断奶应激方面二者均无效；在生长性能和抗化学诱导产生的应激方面，0.02%酵母铬优于0.5%皮革蛋白粉；1.5%和1%皮革蛋白粉对于所测指标几乎均无效。

关键词： 酵母铬皮革蛋白粉断奶仔猪生长性能

Effect of Cr-yeast and leather protein meal on growth performance in weaned-pigs

Abstract:Forty healthy piglets,homogeneous for weight,parity and age,were used to assess the effects of chromium-yeast and leather protein meal supplementation on growth performance,blood parameters,stress and immune function in weaned-pigs. This experiment was in a completely randomized design. The result were showed as follow: ①The supplementation of 0.02% Chromium-yeast significantly increased average daily gain (ADG)(+20.08% P<0.01);Groups of supplementing leather protein meal significantly increased average daily gain of weaned pigs (supplementation of 0.5% leather protein meal increased 19.51% P<0.01,supplementation of 1% leather protein meal increased 18.56%, P<0.05,supplementation of 1.5% leather protein meal increased 14.92,P<0.05). ;②diets with 0.02% Cr-yeast significantly increased average daily feed intake (ADFI) （P<0.05）,but diets with leather protein meal had no significant effect （P>0.05）;③Feed efficiency had the trend to increase in all treatment groups compared with that of control group,and diets with 0.5% leater protein meal had significant differences （P<0.05）,others had no significant differences （P>0.05）;④Dietary 0.02% Cr-yease and 0.5% leather protein meal supplementation significantly deereased blood glucose,increased by 14.28% （P<0.05） and 14.21% （P<0.05） respectively compared with that of control group,but dietary 1% or 1.5% leater protein meal had no significant effect;⑤Diets with Cr-yeast significantly decreased blood urea nitrogen,by 30.05% （P<0.05）compared with that of control group.Leather protein meal supplementation had no significant effect on blood urea nitrogen （P>0.05）.Dietary Cr-yeast or leather protein meal supplementation did not affect serum proteins (TP,ALB);⑥Dietary 0.02% Cr-yeast and leather protein meal supplementation significantly decreased blood cholesterol level in weaned pigs,decreased by 18.37% （P<0.05）and 17.27%（P<0.05）respectively compared with that of control group,while diets with 1% or 1.5% leather protein meal had no this effect;⑦Blood insulin concentration was not influenced significantly by dietary Cr-yeast or leather protein meal supplementation （P>0.05）;⑧Diets with 0.02% Cr-yeast or 0.5%,1%,1.5% leather meal did not affect serum immunoglobulin G levels （P>0.05）;⑨Blood cortisol concentration of weaned piglets were not influenced significantly by dietary Cr-yeast or leather protein meal supplementation in normal condition （P>0.05）,but after ACTH was injected,blood cortisol concentration rised in groups with leather peotein meal of different levels and control group.Blood cortisol concentetion was lower in group with 0.5% leather protein meal than in control group and the difference was significant.Only blood cortisol concentration in group with 0.02% Cr-yeast kept in normal level,and was most significantly lower than that of control group.

The results from this study indicated that 0.02% Cr-yeast and 0.5% leather protein meal had similar effects on most indices measured.Both of 0.02% Cr-yeast and 0.5% leather protein meal had no effect on improving immune function and resisting weaning stress. Cr from Cr-yeast was more effective than Cr from leather protein meal in improving growth performance and resisting chemically induced stress.1.5% leather protein meal and 1% leather protein meal had no effect on almost all indices measured.

Key words: Cr-yeast Leather protein meal Weaned piglets Growth performance;

前言

早在1749年，法国化学家Vanqual已经发现了铬，铬是一种色彩鲜艳的金属。一直以来人们把铬当作一种有毒物质，直到1959年Schwarz和Mertz才发现了铬的生物活性，通过多次实验证实Cr³⁺是GTF（葡萄糖耐量因子）的重要活性组成部分，提出铬可能是人和动物所必需的微量元素的假设。人们对畜禽铬营养的研究起步较晚，始于90年代初。近年来的研究发现，铬参与动物体内糖、脂肪、蛋白质的代谢，在降低畜禽应激，提高免疫力，改善繁殖性能，提高胴体品质，促进生长等方面均有作用。因而，人们对铬的研究产生了浓厚的兴趣，从铬的来源及在体内的吸收、分布、排泄到铬的生物学功能等方面进行了系统深入的研究，并取得了一定成果。

............

参考文献

1. 边建朝等.铬对心肌损伤大鼠甲状腺激素、环核苷酸的作用.营养学报.1997.19（4）：465～467

2. 陈勇编译.有机铬对家禽代谢、胴体组成和禽营养成分的影响.国外畜牧学—饲料.1999.（3）：36～37

3. 代建国等.生长肥育猪性别对甲基吡啶铬使用效果的影响.饲料工业.2001.22（1）﹕22～

4. 高会战.铬对猪生产性能的影响.中国饲料.1999.（23）﹕20

5. 顾有方摘译.添加铬和烟酸对应激肥育犊牛的影响.国外畜牧科技.1995.（4）﹕6～11

6. 黄志明等.皮革饲料蛋白粉、进口鱼粉喂肉猪对比试验.上海畜牧兽医通讯.1995.（6）﹕2～3

7. 李清宏等.铬在养猪生产中的应用.饲料研究.1998.（4）﹕25～26

8. 刘彩霓等. 酵母铬对肉仔鸡脂类代谢及生产性能影响的研究.动物营养学报.1997.9（4）﹕24～30

9. 卢智文译. 吡啶羧酸铬对猪的生长、血清和胴体特征的影响.国外畜牧科技.（3）﹕6～8.1993

10. 卢宗藩主编.家畜及实验动物生理生化参数.农业出版社.1983

11. 罗绪刚等.饲粮铬对热应激产蛋鸡性能、蛋白质、血清生化特性及免疫功能的影响.畜牧兽医学报.33（4）﹕313～320.2002

12. 莫靖川等.有机铬对母猪繁殖性能的效应试验.养猪.（3）﹕4～5.1999

13. 莫靖川等.猪粮中有机铬适宜添加量的研究.广西畜牧兽医.（5）﹕17～19.1999

14. 浅利纯等.有机铬对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响.饲料工业.21（11）﹕12～13.2000

15. 上海市医学化验所主编.临床生化检验（上）.上海科技出版社.1979

16. 史清河等.有机铬对应激牛的营养作用效果.饲料工业.（7）﹕38～41.1998

17. 田科雄等.皮革蛋白粉饲用价值研究.湖南农业大学学报.21（6）﹕599～602.1995

18. 田科雄等.皮革蛋白粉饲用价值研究.湖南农业大学学报.22（2）﹕191～195.1996

19. 王九缝等.皮革蛋白粉饲喂生长猪的氨基酸消化率试验.中国饲料.（15）﹕29～30.1998

20. 王宗元主编.动物矿物质营养代谢与疾病.上海科学技术出版社.1995

21. 武秀云等.利用铬革渣生产复合蛋白粉.饲料工业.18（3）﹕18～20.1997

22. 吴建峰等.补铬（Ⅲ）对糖尿病大鼠体内铬、锌、铜含量的影响.营养学报.19（2）：191～195.1997

23. 吴永胜等.铬营养的研究进展.动物营养学报.12（1）﹕8～11.2000

24. 杨红建等.铬与猪生产性能研究进展.中国饲料.（12）﹕12～14.1998

25. 杨胜主编.饲料分析及饲料检测技术.北京农业大学出版社.1993

26. 曾书琴.禽蓄有机铬营养的研究和应用.中国饲料.（10）﹕23～25.2001

27. 张宏福等. 酵母饲料的研究现状及发展方向.中国饲料.（7）﹕11～14.1994

28. 张敏红等.急性短期高温对空腹状态下猪的铬代谢及生理生化反应的影响.动物营养代谢研究95～96论文集.农业部动物营养重点开放实验室.1997

29. 张敏红等.急性短期高温应激对猪的铬代谢及血液中激素含量的影响.中国农业科学.31（1）﹕76～82.1998

30. 张敏红等.持续变高温对猪的铬代谢及血液生化指标的影响.畜牧兽医学报.29（2）﹕112～120.1998

31. 张敏红等.高温下粮铬水平对肉鸡生长性能和血液生化指标的影响.动物营养学报.14（1）﹕51～54.2002

32. 张松杰氮译.补铬能增强应激肉牛的免疫力.国外畜牧科技.（2）﹕29～30.1994

33. 张伟等.铬对动物内分泌代谢与免疫功能的影响.中国饲料.（9）﹕14～16.2000

34. 钟国清等.微量元素铬对猪的营养研究进展.畜牧兽医杂志.19（1）﹕16～19.2000

35.Amoikon,E.K.,Fernandez,J,M.,Southern,L.,L.,Thompson,Jr.D.L.,Ward,T.L.and Olcott,B,M.Effect of chromium tripicolinate,on growth,glucose tolerance,insulin semsitivity,Plasma metabolites,and growth hormone in pigs .J.Anim.Sci.73﹕1123～1130.1995

36.Anderson,R.A.Chromium In:Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition(5^th ED)(Ed.W.Mertz).P 225～244 Academic Press.San Diego.CA.1987

37.Anderson,R.A,N.A.Bryden,M.M.Polansky.and P.A. Deusten.Exercise effects on chromium excretion of trained and untrained men consuming a constant diet.J.Appl.Physiol. 64﹕249.1988

38.Baldi.A，V.Bontempo，V.Dell’Orto，F Cheli,F. Fantuz,and G.Savoini.Effects of dietary chromium-yeast in weaning stressed piglets.Can.J.Anim.Sci.79﹕369～374.1999

39.Bunting,L.D,J.M.Fernandez,D.L.Thompson.Jr.andL.L. Southern.Influence of chromium picolinate on glucose usage and metabolic criteria in growing Holstein calves.J.Anim.Sci.72﹕1591～1599.1994

40.Chang,X.and D.N.Mowat.Supplemental chromium for stressed and growing feeder calves.J.Anim.Sci. 70﹕559.1992

41.Evock-Clover,C.M.,Polansky,M.M.,Anderson,R.A.and Steele N.C.Dietary chromium supplementation with or without somatotropin treatmean alters serum hormones and metabolites in growing pigs without affecting growth performance.J.Nutr.123﹕1504～1512.1993

42.Hardy,B.Diets for young pigs.Pages 99-107 in Neonatal survival and growth.Occasional Publication no.15.British Society of Animal production,UK.1992

43.Harper,A.F.,M.D.Lindermann and E.T.Kornegay.Effect of supplemental dietary chromium on growth performance of weanling swine.J.Anim.Sci.73(Suppl.1)﹕194.1995

44.Harris.J.E.,S.D.Crow and M.d.Newcomb.Effect of chromium picolinate on growth performance and carcass characteristics on pigs fed adequate and low protein diets.J.Anim.Sci.73(Suppl.1) ﹕194(Abstr.). 1995

45.Kegley,E.B.and J.W.Spears.Immune response,glucose metabolism,and performance of stressed feeder calves fed inorganic or organic chromium.J.Anim.Sci.73﹕2721～2716.1995

46.Kegley,E.B.,Spears,J.W.ang Brown,Jr.,T.T.Immune response and disease of calves fed chromium nicotinic acid complex or chromium chloride .J.Dairy Sci.79﹕1278～1283.1996

47.Kitchlong,L.J.,M.Frenandez,L.D.Bunting,L.L.Southern and T.D.Bidner.Influence of chromium tripicolinate on glucose metabolism and nutrient partitioning in growing lambs.J.Anim.Sci.73﹕2694.1995

48.Lindermann,M.D.,A.F.harper and E.T.Kornegay.Further assessment of the effects of supplementation of chromium from chromium picolinate on fecundity in swine.J.Anim.Sci.73(Suppl.1):185(Abstr) .1995

49.Lindemann,M.D.,Wood,C.M.,Harper,A.F.,Kornegay,E.T.and Anderson,R.A.Dietary chromium picolinate additions improve gain:feed and carcass characteristics in growing-finishing pigs and increase litter size in reproducing sows.J.Anim.Sci.73﹕457～465.1995

50.Matthews,J.O.,Southern,L.L.,Fexnandez,J.M.,Pontif,J.E.,Bidner,T.D.,and Odgaard,R.L.Effect of chromium picolinate and chromium propionate on glucose and insulin kinetics of growing barrows and on growth and carcass traits of growing-finishing barrows.J.Anim.Sci.79﹕2172-2178.2001

51.Mertz,W.Chromium in human nutrition﹕A review.J.Nutr.123﹕626～633.1993

52.Mooney,K.W.and Cromwell,G.L.Effects of dietary chromium picolinate supplementation on growth,characteristics,and accretion rates of carcass tissues in growing-finishing swine.J.Anim.Sci.73﹕3351～3357.1995

53.Moonise-Shageer,S.and Mowat,D.N.Effects of Level of supplemental chromium on performance,serum constituents,and immune status of stressed feeder calves.J.Anim.Sci.71﹕232～238.1993

54.Mowat,D.N.,Chang,X.and Yang,W.Z.Chelated chromium for stressed feeder calves.Can J.Anim.Sci.73﹕49～55.1993

55.Mowat,D.N.Organic chromium in animal nutrition.Chromium books,Guelph,ON. .1997

56.Munck,A.,P.Guyre and N.Holbrook.Physiological function of glucocoticoids in stress and their relation to pharmalogical actions.Endocr.Rev.5﹕25.1984

57.National Research Council.Nutrient requirement of swine.10th ed.Natonal Academy Press,Washington,DC. .1998

58.Page,T.G.,L.L Southern ,T.L.Ward and D.L Thompson.Effect of chromium picolinate on growth and serum and carass traits of growing-finishing pigs.J.Anim.Sci.71﹕656～662.1993

59.Savoini,G.,Cheli,F.,Bontempo,V.,Baldi,A.,fantuz,F.,Politis,I.and Dell’Orto,V.Effect of chromium yeast supplementation on performance,reproduction and immune function in pigs.Ann.Zootech.47﹕1～6.1998

60.Samsell,L.J.and J.W.Spears.Chromium supplementation effects on blood constituents in lambs fed high or low fiber diets.Nutr.Res.9﹕889.1989

61.Schwarz,K. and W.Mertz.Chromium and the glucose tolerance factor.Arch.Biochem.Biophys.85﹕292.1959

62.Siberio,V.,Bull,R.,Hill,G.,Rozeboom,D.,Hogberg,M.and Yokoyama,Ma.Effects of dietary Cr supplementation and the immune response of pigs reared in a crowded nursery environment.J.Anim.Sci.74(Suppl.1)﹕53(Abstr.) .1996

63.Siberio,V.,Hill,G.,Rozeboom,D.,Hogberg,M.,Bull,R.and Yokoyama,M.Effects of dietary Cr supplementation on the retention of Cu and Zn in stressed baby pigs.J.Anim.Sci. 74(Suppl.1)﹕54(Abstr.) .1996

64.Tang,L.,Li Defa,Wang,F.L.,Xing,J.J.,and Gong,L.M.Effects of different sources of organic chromium on immune function in weaned pigs.Asian-Aust.J.Anim.Sci.14(8) ﹕1164-1169

65.Van de ligt,C.P.A.,Lindemann,M.D.,and Cromwell,G.L.Asswssment of chromium tripicolinate supplementation and dietary energy level and source on growth,carcass,and blood criteria in growng pigs.J.Anim.Sci.80﹕483-493.2002

66.Van de ligt,J.L.G,Lindemann,M.D.,Harmon,R.J.,Monegue,H.J.,and Cromwell,G.L.Effect of Chromium tripicolinate supplementation on Porcine immune response during the periparturient and neonatal period.J.Anim.Sci.80﹕456-466.2002

67.Van de ligt,C.P.A.,Lindemann,M.D.,and Cromwell,G.L.Assessment of chromium tripicolinate supplementation and dietary protein level on growth,carcass and blood criteria in growing pigs.J.Anim.Sci.80﹕2412-2419.2002

68.Van de ligt,J.L.G.,Lindemann,M.D.,Harmon,R.J.,Monegne,H.J.,and Cromwell,G.L.Effect of chromium tripicolinate supplementation on porcine immune response during the postweaning period,J.Anim.Sci.80﹕449-455.2002

69.Ward,T.L.,L.L.Sounthern and R.A.Anderson.Effect of dietary chromium source on growth,carcass characteristics,and plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations in growing-finishing pigs.J.Anim.Sci.73(Suppl.1) ﹕189(Abstr.).1995

70. Ward,T.L.,L.L.Sounthern and T.D.Bidner.Interactive effects of dietary chromium tripicolinate and crude protein level in growing-finishing pigs provided inadequate and adequate pen space.J.Anim.Sci.75﹕1001-1008 .1997

71.Wright,A.J.,D.N.Mowat and B.A.Mallard.Supplemental chromium and bovine respiratory disease vaccines for stressed feeded calves.Can.J.Anim.Sci.74﹕327-334.1994

72.Xi gang,Xu zirong,Wu Si-hung,and Chen shijiang.Effect of chromium picolinate on growth performance,carcass characteristics,serum metabolites and metabolism of lipid in pigs.Asian-Aust.J.Anim.Sci.14(2) ﹕258-262.2001

酵母铬与皮革蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

热门搜索

推荐论文更多

酵母铬与皮革蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

热门搜索

推荐论文 更多

推荐论文更多