目录 不存在 参考资料 参 考 文 献
　
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汪懋华，“精细农作” 一 知识经济时代的农田精耕细作技术， 纪念中国科协成立40周年 "科学技术面向新世纪" 学术年会，"科技进步与学科发展"论文集上册, pp.296-299, 周光召主编, 中国科学技术出版社出版, 1998.9。
[7].汪懋华,“精细农业”研究的发展与农业装备科技创新，中国农业机械学会第六次全国代表大会暨学术年会论文集，上海，1998.11。
　
The Development of Precision Agriculture and
Innovation of Engineering Technology
　
Research Centre for Precision Agriculture, China Agricultural University
　
Abstract
This paper summarizes the target of recent precision agriculture research and its technical ideas and discusses the direction of technical innovation for the support technologies. Some proposals for the applied research in the country are presented. Recent research on precision agriculture in the world is still concentrated on precision farming for crop production. The interpretation of the phrase "precision agriculture" into Chinese shall be implicated in the Site Specific Crop Management. Following the rapid application of information technology into the agricultural sector, the ideas for precision management of agricultural resources and production would be expanded into all fields of agricultural system, such as: precision facilities horticulture, precision raising, precision processing to keep high productivity, high efficiency, low cost and less environmental pollution as well as with high value-added technology and so on. Then a real precision agriculture system will be established to support overall sustainable agriculture development based on the new information and biological technological revolution..

“精细农作”中的定位信息采集与处方农作实施，需要采用全球卫星定位系统（GPS）。已经建成投入运行的有美国GPS系统和俄罗斯的GLONASS系统。美国GPS系统包括在离地球约20,000 km 高空近似圆形轨道上运行的24颗地球卫星，其轨道参数和时钟，由设于世界各大洲的五个地面监测站和设于其本土的一个地面控制站进行监测和控制。使得在近地旷野的GPS接收机在昼夜任何时间、任何气象条件下最少能接受到4颗以上卫星的信号，通过测量每一卫星发出的信号到达接收机的传输时间，即可计算出接收机所在的地理空间位置。信号处理技术的发展，可使微弱的卫星信号为便携式或掌上型接收机的小型天线所接收。这是一个功能强大、对任何人、在全球任何地方都可以免费享用的空间信息资源。尽管美国政府对其GPS系统施加了“选择可用性政策”(SA)的影响和卫星信号在空间传输过程中发生的各种累积误差，但技术上可通过差分误差校正方式及信息处理技术使通用接收机的动态3维定位精度容易达到米级或分米级，测量型GPS接收机动态定位精度可达厘米级要求。近几年来，GPS产业技术发展迅速，若干大公司迅速涉足农业领域，提供了用于农田测量、定位信息采集和与智能化农业机械配套的DGPS产品。这类产品通常均具有12个可选择的卫星信号接收通道、动态条件下每秒能自动提供一个3维定位数据，动态定位精度一般可达分米和米级，并具有与计算机和农机智能监控装置的通用标准接口。如美国Trimble 公司Ag132 12 通道GPS接收机，可接收信标台发布的地区性差分校正信号免费服务或获得由近地卫星转发的广域差分收费校正信号服务，提供可靠的分米级定位和0.1米/小时的速度测量精度。系统可用于农田面积和周边测量、引导田间变量信息定位采集、作物产量小区定位计量、变量作业农业机械实施定位处方施肥、