[作业] Intercultural Communication的一些概念

1. What is communication?
“Communication—our ability to share our ideas and feelings—is the basis of all human contact.”---------Communication Between Cultures (P22)
“交际是符号活动，它是一个动态多变的编译码过程，当交际者把意义赋予言语或非言语符号时，就产生了交际。交际受制于文化、心理等多种因素。交际不一定以主观意识为转移：可能是无意识的和无意向的活动。”——《跨文化交际学》（P13）
2. What is culture?
“Culture is a system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that the members of a society use to cope with their world and with one another, and that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning.
We define culture as the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, actions, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions lf time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts striving.”-------- Communication Between Cultures (P36)
“概括的讲，文化即是人们所思、所言（言语和非言语）、所为、所觉的总和。在不同的生态或自然环境下，不同的民族创造了自己特有的文化，也被自己的文化所塑造。”——《跨文化交际学》（P77）

1. What is communication?
2. What is culture?
3. What is intercultural communication?
4. How to define value, world belief, norms, high context culture and low context culture?
5. What is the relationship between culture and communication, field dependence and field independence?
6. What is ethnocentrism?
7. What is transfer? Especially pragmatics transfer?
8. What is psychological influence on intercultural communication?
9. Give one sentence or few words to describe what communication is.

① Larry A.Samovar, Richard E.Porter, Lisa A.Stefani 2003: Communication Between Cultures., Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Brooks/Cole/Thomson Learning Asia.
② Jack C.Richards, John Platt, Heidi Platt 2000: Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistic. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
③ 贾玉新 2002：《跨文化交际学》 上海：上海外语教育出版社