| stainless steels and properties电子书 Table of Contents Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................3 Use of stainless steel ..............................................................................................................................3 How it all started ..................................................................................................................................4 Stainless steel categories and grades..................................................................................................................5 The effects of the alloying elements........................................................................................................5 Corrosion and corrosion properties ...................................................................................................................9 PASSIVITY.............................................................................................................................................9 AQUEOUS CORROSION.........................................................................................................................10 General corrosion.........................................................................................................................10 Pitting and crevice corrosion.........................................................................................................11 Stress corrosion cracking ..............................................................................................................14 Intergranular corrosion..................................................................................................................16 Galvanic corrosion.......................................................................................................................18 HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION ..........................................................................................................19 Oxidation.....................................................................................................................................19 Sulphur attack (Sulphidation).......................................................................................................20 Carbon pick-up (Carburization).....................................................................................................21 Nitrogen pick-up (Nitridation).......................................................................................................21 Mechanical properties ....................................................................................................................................23 Room temperature properties...............................................................................................................23 The effect of cold work........................................................................................................................27 Toughness ..........................................................................................................................................27 Fatigue properties ...............................................................................................................................29 High temperature mechanical properties...............................................................................................30 Precipitation and embrittlement .......................................................................................................................32 475°C embrittlement ............................................................................................................................32 Carbide and nitride precipitation ..........................................................................................................32 Intermetallic phases.............................................................................................................................32 Physical properties .........................................................................................................................................34 Property relationships for stainless steels .........................................................................................................36 Martensitic and martensitic-austenitic steels .........................................................................................36 Ferritic steels ......................................................................................................................................36 Ferritic-Austenitic (Duplex) steels........................................................................................................37 Austenitic steels ..................................................................................................................................37 References .....................................................................................................................................................38 Attachment: US, British and European standards on stainless steels..........…………………………41 |
stainless steels and properties电子书
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