(毕业论文 字数:7113 页数:11)摘要:紫甘薯中含有丰富的花色苷类物质,是一种极具开发价值的天然色素资源。本文对紫甘薯天然色素的微波辅助提取条件及性质进行初步研究。结果表明,用微波辅助提取紫甘薯天然色素,不仅节省时间,而且提取效果好。通过单因素和正交试验得出微波提取紫甘薯天然色素的最佳条件是:微波功率60%(480 W),提取时间60 s、料液比(g:ml)1:3,提取次数为3次。紫甘薯天然色素的浓度与其OD值之间有很强的正相关性;pH值对色素最大吸收峰有明显影响,pH3.0以下色素最大吸收波长为520 nm;色素在酸性条件下较稳定,随着pH值升高,稳定性逐渐下降,强碱性条件下易被破坏;光的直接照射会影响色素的稳定性;金属离子Cu2+、Ca2+、K+、Mg2+、Fe2+和Fe3+对色素的影响不明显;同时,糖、盐和防腐剂对色素的影响也较小,但H2O2对紫甘薯天然色素影响较大。
关键词:紫甘薯;天然色素;微波辅助提取;性质
Microwave Assisted Extraction and Properties of Natural Pigment from Purple Sweet Potato
Abstract:The microwave assisted extraction conditions and some physical and chemical properties of the natural pigment from the purple sweet potato were preliminarily investigated. The results showed that the microwave assisted extraction was effective method in this study. Based on a series of single factor and their orthogonal experiments, it was found that the best conditions of extraction for natural red pigment from purple sweet potato were:microwave power 480 W, extraction time 60 s and the ratio of solid to liquid 1:3(g:ml). The pigment was significantly affected by the pH value, and it was very stable under acidic conditions, when the peak of absorption wavelength was at 520 nm. Additionally, sugar(5% sucrose and 5% glucose), salt (1% NaCl) and antiseptic (1% Sodium benzoate), and some metal ions such as Cu2+, Ca2+, Fe2+, K+, Fe3+ and Mg2+ had little effect on its stability. However, H202 had a significant effect on the stability.
Key words:purple sweet potato;natural pigment;microwave assisted extraction;properties
目录
1 前 言 2 材料与方法 3 结果与分析 4 小结与讨论
1 前 言 天然色素直接来源于动植物或微生物,不仅可用于食品、药品、化妆品等的着色剂,而且自身还含有多种营养成分,有的对某些疾病还有疗效作用,对人体有保健功能[1]。随着消费者对食品安全性的要求越来越高,合成色素的使用越来越多地受到限制,尽管人工合成色素色彩更丰富,着色力强,坚牢度大,性质稳定,成本低廉等等,但现代医学证明,大多数合成色素对人体有害并有潜在的致癌作用[2]。 紫甘薯中含有大量的花青素而呈现出鲜艳的玫瑰色,颜色深者被当地人称为“黑红薯”。花青素属黄酮类物质,自然状态下多以花色苷的形式存在,具有抗氧化、抗突变、保护肝脏、预防心血管疾病等功效[3],具有很高的开发利用价值。迄今,国内外关于微波提取植物天然色素已有一些零星报道,比如,有研究者采用微波辅助法从辣椒中提取辣椒素[4, 5],也有研究者采用微波技术提取番茄红素等[6, 7],但仍鲜见有微波提取紫甘薯天然色素的研究报道。
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