（毕业论文 字数：5199页数：10）摘要：本文以虾下脚料为原料，对传统虾下脚料加工工艺生产甲壳素中产生的大量废酸、废碱和废气进行改进，并以绿色环保和制备多功能叶面肥为策略，进行酸碱的筛选和研究。研究结果表明：(1)处理虾下脚料的最佳碱是KOH，最佳酸是H3PO4，其中和产物是叶面肥必需的营养素；(2)本工艺不仅每Kg虾下脚料可制备虾叶面肥12.4L，而且可回收13.8％甲壳素和23.2％粗蛋白质；(3)经分析测定虾叶面肥中，含钙(Ca2+)38.9 mg/L，含镁(Mg2+)55.4 mg/L，含钾(K+)20.0 g/L，含氮(N)4.5 g/L，含磷(P) 78.9 g/L，还含有15种氨基酸及虾脑磷脂、虾红素及多种微量元素等，是一种营养丰富的多功能叶面肥。该项目的研究结果，对解决长期困绕我国沿海养殖加工区的环境污染和资源浪费问题，创建循环利用工程将具有重要的作用。
关键词：虾下脚料；叶面肥；甲壳素；蛋白质；循环利用
Study on Preparation of Multifuctional Foliar Fertilizer from Shrimp Offal
Abstract：This research is based on green environmental protection in preparation of multifuctional foliar fertilizer using shrimp offal as materials for improving traditional process which produce much waste acid, waste base and waste gas for chitin preparation. Screening and research of acid and base were studied. The research results indicated that the best base was KOH, the best acid was H3PO4 and their neutralizing products were the necessary nutrients for foliar fertilizer; 12.4 L of foliar fertilizer were obtained in per kg of shrimp offal, chitin was obtained in 13.8% yield, crude protein was obtained in 23.2% yield using this method; This multifuctional foliar fertilizer was an abundant nutritional multifunctional foliar fertilizer which contained 15 kinds of amino acids, shimp cephalin, astacein and many trace elements. The concentration of calcium was 38.9 mg/L, the concentration of magnesium was 55.4 mg/L, the concentration of potassium was 20.0 g/L, the concentration of nitrogen was 4.5 g/L and the concentration of phosphorus was 78.9 g/L. This research results will be important for establishment of cyclic utilization, which may solve problems of enviromental pollution and resource waste in our coastal culture and processing zone.
Key words: Shrimp offal; Foliar fertilizer; Chitin; Protein; Cyclic utilization
目录
1.材料与方法
2.结果与分析
3小结与讨论
我国海岸线长，沿海海虾养殖业发达，海虾资源十分丰富。临我国南海的广东湛江市已成为东南亚海虾加工出口的主要基地，加工生产虾仁后的废弃物每年达100,000吨以上，对加工区周边的环境和海域造成严重污染。为解决资源浪费问题，不少企业利用虾废弃物来制备甲壳素，再加工成壳聚糖、氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐等，并已广泛应用于食品、医药和化工等行业[1, 2]，市场潜力很大，市场前景看好。然而，由于我国虾下脚料的加工都是采用HCl脱钙镁，NaOH脱虾蛋白质等传统工艺来制备甲壳素等产品[3]，从而产生出大量的废酸、废碱和废气，已对沿海养殖加工区的环境污染造成新的严重影响。故此，本文以虾下脚料为原料，以绿色环保和制备多功能叶面肥为策略，进行酸碱的筛选和资源循环利用研究，以期为解决长期困绕我国沿海养殖加工区的环境污染和资源浪费问题提供试验依据。 |
