(论文翻译 页数:15 字数:7164)摘要：重构制造系统在生产过程中能够应对难以预测的市场变化，以及能够提高一定的生产能力。在生产过程中，普通的事件发生动态的变化(机器故障，改变工作的优先项目等)和在单元结构上(刀具的损坏、设备的碰撞、损坏等)。这种例外中断生产过程的失误会给进度和任务的计划造成一定的影响。错误处理是为了应对引起的各种误差。重构能力是新技术包含的因素，用新的方法来处理生产过程中发生的各种状况，例如运用重构。本文从模拟个案研究，突出优势，运用重构错误处理。提出了面向对象的高级控制进行实时处理时发生的错误,结合新的重构错误处理技术与现有的反应调度系统。
1 介绍
随着新产品模型投放市场能力的迅速发展，为迅速改变潜在能力和快速集成制造系统的综合化能力，新工艺技术融入现有的系统已经成为了当今和未来设施生产的要求。重构制造系统是目前被广泛视为一个很有发展前景的关键技术之一。事实上，柔性制造系统有它独特的灵活性，当然可以在同一系统中制造出各种各样的产品，但它并不是成功的唯一关键。
为了在不断变化的市场条件下保持竞争力、灵活性以及较高的可靠性和可测量性,简易的软、硬件升级能力必须与快速反应和成本效率相结合，重构制造系统提供了这种快速调整的特点，通过重新排列或者改变它组件的成分就能很快地调整生产能力和功能性。
Koren等人把柔性制造系统的组成定义为从开始就为快速变化的结构设计的制造业系统，以及在硬件和软件上是为了调整生产能力和功能。柔性制造系统是一种数控机床、专用机床、可重构机床的混合体。可重构机床具有灵活的结构，可以改变原来的配置(如添加新主轴) 配备在可开放式环境中重新构造控制器的集成。柔性制造系统很容易地被调整为一个系统平台 (即改变原来的配置), 机床平台(如添加新的主轴) 和控制平台(如软件模块的随时调整)。
在区分产品系统的实际和期望值上，往往有一些意外性必须要考虑到。机床故障、命令的取消、零部件的损坏、由于质量问题重新计算等都是不可预测的。不过，可预见的事件，如预防性地维修，会因为他们而中断生产过程。每当这种情况的发生，除非及时对次做出反应和对策，异常处理可以让系统从错误中恢复过来，否则生产系统都就会被迫停止它的运作，同时不合格的产品也会生产出来。
Operation management in reconfigurable manufacturing
systems: Reconfiguration for error handling
Abstract
Reconfigurable manufacturing systems offer quick adjustment of production capacity and functionality in response to unpredictable market changes as being systems designed at the outset for rapid change in system configuration, its machines and controls. During the production process, out-of-ordinary events occur dynamically and unpredictably both at the system (machine breakdowns, change in job’s priorities, etc.) and at the cell level (tool failures, robot collisions, etc.). Such exceptions interrupt the production process by causing errors in the schedule plan (system level) or in the task plan (cell level). Error handling is the policy meant for reacting to errors caused by the occurrence of out-ofordinary events. The reconfiguration ability turns out to be the new technological factor enabling new strategies to handle out-of-ordinary events of the production process. Both economic and performance aspects need to be considered in order to make a decision in support of particular error handling policies such as using reconfiguration. This paper, starting from a simulation case study, highlights advantage of using reconfiguration for error handling. Authors propose an object-oriented high-level control structure for real-time error handling, which integrates the new reconfiguration for error handling technology with the existing reactive scheduling system. 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1 Introduction
The ability to launch new product models quickly, the potential for rapid alteration of manufacturing system capacity and the fast integration ability of new process technologies into existing systems are the emerging requirements for the contemporary and future production facilities. Reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMSS) are at the moment widely considered as one of the promising key technologies to enable responsiveness in the new production era known as mass customization. It is true that the flexibility offered by flexible manufacturing systems (FMSS) certainly allows to manufacture a variety of products in the same systems, but it is not the only key to success. In order to remain competitive under unpredictable and rapid changing market conditions, flexibility must be coupled with responsiveness and cost efficiency, as well as high reliability, scalability, and ability for easy software/ hardware upgrades ability (Mehrabi et al., 2000). RMSS offer such features allowing quick adjustment of production capacity and functionality by rearranging or changing its modular components.
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