(论文翻译 页数:18 字数:6113)摘要：钻头是对着工件绕着自己的轴线旋转，通过驱动刀具在工件上钻出通孔或盲孔。当然，刀具从其轴线向外的切削距离应和需加工的孔的半径相等。在实际生产中，是采用关于同一轴线对称的两切削刀刃的刀具。钻削既可被应用于手工也可用于钻床中。钻床在尺寸和结构上有所不同。然而，当工件被牢固地安装好后，钻刀总是绕着自己的轴线旋转。这点与在车床上钻孔是相反的。镗孔是扩大以前钻削或镗削好了的孔。镗孔能够消除钻孔加工时孔所产生的偏心，使孔扩大到需钻削的尺寸。下面是对钻削、钻床分类和镗孔的简要介绍。
关键词：钻削、镗削、钻床、钻削刀具、镗刀、钻床的分类
钻削刀具
在钻削加工中，采用的是一种柱形的螺旋式刀具，被称为钻头。钻头有一条或两条切削刃和相应的出屑槽，出屑槽呈直线或螺旋线形。出屑槽的作用是为在钻削过程中产生的切屑提供一个通道，同时也是便于润滑剂和冷却剂到达钻刀的切削刃和工件的被加工表面。以下是普通麻花钻的概括论述。
麻花钻.麻花钻是最普通的一类钻头。麻花钻有两条切削刃和两条螺旋线形的出屑槽，出屑槽连续地围绕分布在整个钻体上，图4.1所示。钻头除了钻体部分，还有钻颈和钻柄，钻柄可以是圆柱形，也可以是锥形。在后者，钻柄是通过柄舌的楔形作用安装在主轴的锥形钻套中，柄舌是安装在主轴钻套的狭槽中，这样钻头和主轴形成一个整体来传递旋转运动。在另一方面，圆柱形钻柄是被安装在钻夹头里，然后，以安装锥形钻柄的方法将其安装进主轴的钻套中。
DRILLING AND BORING
Addison-Wesley pub.Co.
Abstract: Drilling involves producing through or blind holes in a workpiece by forcing a tool, which rotates around its axis, against the workpiece. Consequently, the range of cutting from that axis of rotation is equal to the radius of the required hole. In practice, two symmetrical cutting edges that rotate about the same axis are employ. Drilling operations can be carried out by using either hand drills or drilling machine. The latter differ in size and construction. Nevertheless, the tool always rotates around its axis while the workpiece is kept firmly fixed. This is contrary to drilling on a lathe. Boring is enlarging holes previously drilled or bored. Drilled holes are frequently bored to eliminate any possible eccentricity and to enlarge the hole to a reaming size. Following is a survey of drilling, drilling machine tool and boring.
Keyword: drilling boring drilling machine tool classification of drilling machine cutting tool for drilling operations cutting tool for boring operations
CUTTING TOOL FOR DRILLING OPERATIONS
In drilling operations, a cylindrical rotary-end cutting tool, called a drill, is employed. The drill can have either one or more cutting edges and corresponding flutes, which can be straight or helical. The function of the flutes is to provide outlet passages for the chips generated during the drilling operation and also to allow lubricants and coolants to reach the cutting edges and the surface being machined. Following is a survey of the commonly used drills.
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